3D scanning is a technique that is revolutionizing multiple industries, from engineering to design, by facilitating rapid prototyping and 3D printing. In this guide, we'll show you how to 3D scan objects, what types of scanners exist, and how you can use this technology to improve your manufacturing and design processes.
You will learn the key steps of 3D scanning, as well as some techniques to get the best possible accuracy, whether you use a professional scanner or opt for the more affordable mobile scanning option.
What is 3D scanning and how does it work?
3D scanning is an advanced technique that captures the shape, dimensions and details of a physical object to create a three-dimensional digital replica. It uses technologies such as structured light, laser or photogrammetry to accurately measure and record the geometry of the object from multiple angles.
The process consists of projecting light or lasers onto the surface of the object and capturing the deformation that is generated with specialized cameras or sensors. This information is processed in software to reconstruct the 3D model, which can be used in applications such as reverse engineering, 3D printing, or rapid prototyping. It is a key tool in manufacturing, design and research.
3D scanner types and applications
Structured light scanners
Structured light scanners project a pattern of light onto the object which, when deformed, is captured by cameras to calculate its geometry. They are useful for objects with detailed, medium-sized surfaces, such as industrial parts or electronic components.
Laser scanners and photogrammetry
Laser scanners are ideal for capturing the precise shape of complex objects, especially those with irregular surfaces. Photogrammetry, on the other hand, is based on capturing multiple photographs of the object from different angles and then processing them to generate the 3D model.
Basic steps for 3D object scanning
3D scanning is a process that requires some preparation beforehand to ensure the quality of the model. The object must be well illuminated and placed in a stable environment to avoid errors in the capture.
Preparing the object for scanning
Before starting 3D scanning, it is essential to properly prepare the object to ensure accurate results. First, make sure the object is clean and free of dust, smudges or items that may interfere with the capture. If the object has shiny or translucent surfaces, consider applying a temporary coating to avoid reflections that distort the scan.
Place the object in a well-lit environment, preferably on a stable surface that does not generate vibrations. Also, make sure that the object is immobile and, if it has moving parts, fix them to avoid changes during the scanning process. Good preparation is key to obtaining a high quality digital model.
Techniques to improve scanning accuracy
To obtain an accurate 3D scan, it is important to apply certain techniques to optimise the capture. One of the keys is to maintain a constant distance between the scanner and the object throughout the process. This ensures that measurements are consistent and avoids deformations in the final model.
It is also advisable to perform multiple scans from different angles to capture all the details of the object, especially if it has complex geometries. Combining these views in the software improves the accuracy of the 3D model. Using a well-lit environment without harsh shadows and making sure the object is completely still are additional factors that will increase the quality of the scan.
How to scan objects for 3D printing
3D scanning is an essential tool for creating accurate physical models through 3D printing. To ensure a good result, it is crucial to capture all the details of the object correctly. Start by preparing the object properly, avoiding shiny or transparent surfaces that may distort the scan. Use a scanner with a resolution appropriate to the level of detail you need for the print.
Once the digital model has been obtained, it is important to clean it up in the 3D editing software, removing any noise or imperfections that have been captured. This process ensures that the final printed object is an exact replica. For more information on the process of 3D printing, visit our website.
Preparing the object for scanning
Before scanning an object for 3D printing, it is important to make sure it is in optimal condition. Clean the surface to remove dust or dirt, as these can affect the accuracy of the scan. If the object has shiny or transparent surfaces, you could apply a temporary matt coating spray to avoid reflections that distort the scan data.
Also make sure that the object is immobilised during the process. Vibrations or movements can lead to errors in capturing the geometry. Place the object on a stable platform and adjust the lighting to reduce shadows and reflections, which will ensure a more accurate and suitable result for 3D printing.
Techniques to improve scanning accuracy
To obtain high accuracy in 3D scanning, it is advisable to use several key techniques. First, take multiple scans from different angles, ensuring complete coverage of the object. This helps to capture details that might otherwise be missed in a single scan. The 3D software will then combine these images into a comprehensive model.
Another technique is to adjust the resolution of the scanner according to the level of detail you need. For parts with complex geometries, a higher resolution will provide a more detailed capture. It also avoids reflections or intense shadows on the surface of the object, which can significantly improve the final quality of the 3D model.
How to scan 3D shapes efficiently
3D scanning of figures, especially those with complex details, requires a careful approach to obtain accurate results. Start by ensuring adequate and even lighting to avoid shadows that can distort the digital model. Use a high-resolution scanner if the level of detail of the figure is critical, which is common for sculptures or artistic models.
In addition, it is advisable to make multiple passes from different angles to capture all parts of the figure, especially in areas that are difficult to access. These captures are then combined in specialised software that generates a complete and detailed three-dimensional model, ideal for subsequent 3D printing or analysis. This approach ensures a faithful reproduction of the original object.
Scanning of complex and detailed figures
Scanning complex and detailed figures requires a precise approach to capture every aspect of the surface. For best results, it is important to use a 3D scanner with high resolution, especially if the figure includes intricate details or complicated geometries. Use soft, even lighting to avoid harsh shadows, which helps reduce capture errors.
In addition, it takes several scans from different angles to completely cover the figure and ensure that all areas, even the most difficult to reach, are captured. It then uses advanced software that can merge the images and create a three-dimensional model that reflects all the details of the original object.
Recommended scanners for high-precision models
For figures that require a high level of detail, structured light scanners and laser scanners are the best options. These scanners offer higher resolution and accuracy in capturing complex surfaces, making them ideal for engineering models, artistic sculptures or historical pieces.
The scanner should be chosen according to the complexity of the object to be scanned. Structured light scanners are excellent for medium to large objects, while laser scanners can handle irregular surfaces with precision. These devices, combined with post-processing software, allow 3D models to be generated ready for printing or detailed analysis.
How to 3D scan with your mobile phone: available options
Today, 3D scanning with a mobile phone is an affordable option thanks to specialised applications that take advantage of advanced smartphone cameras and sensors. Although they do not reach the accuracy of professional scanners, these tools make it possible to create three-dimensional models quickly and easily.
This method is ideal for users looking to capture small objects or to carry out less complex projects. While the options are limited compared to high-end scanners, mobile scanning is a practical alternative for hobbyists or those requiring a portable solution.
3D scanning applications for mobile phones
There are several apps that allow you to transform your phone into a 3D scanner. Among the most popular are Qlone, Scandy Pro and Trnio, which use photogrammetry to capture multiple images of the object and then create a three-dimensional model. These apps are easy to use and offer fast results, although the quality of the model will depend on your phone's camera and lighting conditions.
In addition, some applications allow models to be exported in formats compatible with 3D printers, facilitating the process of converting a physical object into a digital replica ready for printing.
Limitations of 3D scanning with mobile phones
While mobile 3D scanning is convenient, it has several limitations. Accuracy is lower compared to professional scanners, which can be a drawback when looking to capture fine details or complex surfaces. In addition, the size of the object to be scanned is also limited by the camera's field of view.
Another challenge is lighting. Mobile cameras do not always handle low light conditions or bright objects well, which can lead to errors in capturing the 3D model. For these reasons, mobile scanning is more suitable for simple or low-resolution projects.
Tips and tricks for improving your 3D scans
To optimise your 3D scans and obtain high quality models, it is essential to follow some recommendations. Make sure you work in a well-lit, shadow-free environment, as this minimises distortions in the capture. Make multiple scans from different angles and positions to ensure that all areas of the object are well represented in the final model.
If you are looking for even more accurate results or don't have access to the best equipment, consider using a 3D scanning service professional. These companies have advanced technology and experts to ensure that your object is digitised with the highest precision, ideal for projects that require a high level of detail and quality.
